[Blunt injury of heart and thoracic aorta]. / Tupá poranení srdce a hrudní aorty.

With growing number and seriousness of traffic accidents and with improving quality of the rescue system, an increasing number of patients with blunt chest injury and injury of intracardiac organs arrive at the hospital facilities. Heart and thoracic aorta can be wounded simultaneously and by similar mechanisms. Myocardial contusion means autoptic or intraoperative finding of necrotic myocardium as a consequence of trauma. The term blunt cardiac injury with description of the anatomic, functional or electrocardiographic abnormality is recommended for the clinical use. Blunt injury may affect any part of the heart and thoracic aorta, most frequently the right ventricle and aortic isthmus. While diagnosis and treatment of serious injury of the heart seems unequivocal, there is no agreement about the appropriate duration and intensity of monitoring, the use of echocardiography and about the assessment of myocardial markers in stable patients with blunt chest injury.

[Disorders of fibrinolysis and thrombophilic states, risk factors and possibilities of dietary effects]. / Poruchy fibrinolýzy u trombofilních stavu, jejich rizikové faktory a moznost ovlivnení dietou.

An inadequate efficiency of the fibrinolytic system was revealed in 50-60% of subjects suffering young age from venous thrombosis or myocardial infarction. In a group of 27 patients with the history of deep venous thrombosis of the idiopathic type the authors revealed a significant relationship between the elevated body weight and inadequate fibrinolysis manifested by a reduced fibrinolytic capacity and excess inhibitor of plasminogen activator and its inadequate decline after desmopressin infusion (DDAVP). In a group of 29 patients, who had suffered a myocardial infarction when young, the authors revealed a significant association between reduced fibrinolytic capacity and elevated body weight, hypertriglyceridaemia and increased immunoreactive insulin secretion after a glucose load. In half the investigated subjects it proved possible to improve the reduced fibrinolytic capacity by a low energy diet.

[Residual caries and prosthetic treatment]. / Rezidualni karijes i zubi u protetskoj obradi.

The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which residual caries causing pulpal lesions may affect the prosthetic treatment success. Two hundred and twenty-three teeth were observed prior to prosthetic grinding and 15 months after the prosthetic appliance cementation. Study subjects were divided into three groups: group I consisting of 75 intact teeth, group II including 95 teeth where old fillings were removed, and group III with 53 teeth where old fillings were not removed prior to grinding for prosthetic treatment. Results showed pulp to be affected by disease in 24 or 10.76% of cases in total. Intact teeth were affected in 5 or 6.67% of cases, and those with replaced fillings in 8 or 8.24% of cases. These results were statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Differences in pulp damage between the group with removed fillings and that where the existing fillings were not removed, and between the group where fillings were not removed and that of intact teeth, were statistically significant (P less than 0.05), suggesting that undetected residual caries under old fillings should be added to the known and described causes leading to failure of prosthetic dental treatment. Therefore, it appears quite desirable to replace old fillings prior to prosthetic treatment of the teeth.